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This article deals with the phonology (i.e. the sound system) of Standard Japanese. ==Consonants== Notes *Consonants inside parentheses are allophones.. Most notably, all taps and laterals are allophones of one underspecified phoneme. () can occur phonemically as a replacement for () in recent Western loans. /ɴ/ may be considered an allophone of /n/ in syllable-final position. *Voiceless stops are slightly aspirated: less aspirated than English stops, but more so than Spanish. * are laminal denti-alveolar (that is, the blade of the tongue contacts the back of the upper teeth and the front part of the alveolar ridge) and are laminal alveolar. Before , the oral sounds are alveolo-palatal ''romanized ch j sh j'' and before they are alveolar ''romanized ts dz/z''. * is a syllable-final moraic nasal with variable pronunciation depending on what follows. * is pronounced by many speakers when word-initial or following the moraic nasal. It is before . * is an apical postalveolar flap undefined for laterality. That is, it is specified as neither a central nor a lateral flap, but may vary between the two. It is similar to the Korean ''r''. To an English speaker's ears, its pronunciation varies between a flapped ''d'' (, as in American English ''buddy'') and a flapped ''l'' , sounding most like ''d'' before and , most like ''l'' before , and , and most like a retracted flap before . It is occasionally realized as a trill , especially when conveying a vulgar nuance in speech. The phenomenon is called in Japanese, and is usually transcribed by repeating katakana , e.g. ガルルルル for a dog's growl. It is sometimes transcribed with an ligature, . *The compressed velar is essentially a non-moraic version of the vowel . It is not equivalent to a typical IPA , since it is pronounced with lip compression () rather than rounding. * is before and , and ''romanized f'' before , coarticulated with the labial compression of that vowel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Japanese phonology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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